Bladder Cancer
- Study type
- Review article
- Design
- Review article
- Sample size
- Not applicable (review article; no patient numbers reported in the abstract)
- Source
- JAMA · 2020
In plain words
Bladder cancer occurs in both men and women, and older age, being male and smoking all play a part in causing it. Blood in the urine can be a sign of it, and a cystoscopy (a look inside the bladder with a thin camera) is needed to check. The type of treatment depends on whether the tumour has grown into the bladder muscle: superficial tumours are usually removed through the urethra and treated with medicine placed inside the bladder (such as BCG), while more invasive tumours are treated with surgery to remove the bladder or with combined treatment. In advanced disease, immunotherapy, targeted therapies and antibody–drug conjugates have become new options.
Key results
Study population
This paper is a review and no specific population was enrolled. The subject of the review is patients with bladder cancer at different stages (non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive and advanced tumours).
Endpoints
Not applicable; this paper is a narrative review and has no primary or secondary endpoint.
Safety and side effects
The abstract reports no specific data on adverse events.
Clinical significance and place in guidelines
This review gives an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer at different stages: intravesical BCG for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive disease, radical cystectomy or trimodality therapy for muscle-invasive disease, and expanding treatment options (immunotherapy, targeted therapy and antibody–drug conjugates) in advanced disease. Because the paper is a review and the abstract contains no formal recommendations, the exact status of clinical guidelines and drug approvals should be checked separately.
Limitations
This paper is a narrative review and presents no new primary data. The abstract does not state the literature search method, study selection criteria or level of evidence. Because the treatment of advanced disease is changing rapidly, some content may become outdated over time.
This summary was prepared by the editorial team from the published paper; the original paper is the final reference. Read the original abstract on PubMed.