Common blood disorders
Anaemia, thalassaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, G6PD deficiency, low platelets, blood clots and other common blood problems that are not cancer: symptoms, tests and treatment in plain words, based on current guidelines.
کمخونی
Favism (G6PD deficiency): what should you avoid?Favism, or G6PD enzyme deficiency, is an inherited trait of red blood cells that is common in many parts of the world. Most people live completely normal lives, provided they avoid fava beans, certain medicines and naphthalene and know the signs of an attack.Read more Iron-deficiency anaemia: symptoms, ferritin test and treatmentIron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anaemia and usually comes from heavy periods, pregnancy, a diet low in iron or hidden bleeding from the gut. This page explains the symptoms, what a low ferritin means, how to take iron tablets correctly, intravenous iron and when the cause needs to be looked for, in plain words.Read more Vitamin B12 deficiency: symptoms, tests and treatment (tablets or injections?)Vitamin B12 deficiency is common and treatable. This page explains who is at risk, what the symptoms are, how to read your test result, and when tablets are enough and when injections are needed.Read more What is thalassaemia minor? Symptoms, tests, marriage and pregnancyThalassaemia minor (being a thalassaemia carrier) is not a disease: most carriers are healthy and need no treatment, but their red blood cells are small and can be mistaken for iron deficiency. This page explains the tests, when iron tablets are needed, what it means when both partners are carriers, genetic counselling, pregnancy and children in plain words.Read more
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Blood clots in the leg and lung (DVT and pulmonary embolism): symptoms and treatmentA blood clot in the deep veins of the leg (DVT) shows itself as swelling and pain in one leg; if it reaches the lung (pulmonary embolism), it causes sudden breathlessness, which is an emergency. This page explains the symptoms, tests, treatment, how long treatment lasts and how to prevent clots, in plain words.Read more Blood thinners (anticoagulants): warfarin, rivaroxaban, apixaban and what to knowBlood thinners stop clots from forming and growing. This page explains the main types (newer tablets such as apixaban and rivaroxaban, warfarin and heparin injections), how to take them correctly, interactions, signs of bleeding and what to know before surgery and in pregnancy, in plain words.Read more What is ITP (immune thrombocytopenia)? Low platelets, symptoms and treatmentITP is an autoimmune disease that lowers the platelet count; it is not cancer. In children it usually gets better within a few weeks to a few months, and an adult whose platelet count is 30,000 or more and who is not bleeding is usually just monitored. This page explains the symptoms, tests, when treatment starts, the medicines used and what to know about pregnancy.Read more
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High haemoglobin: what does it mean? Polycythaemia, causes and treatmentA high haemoglobin usually has a cause outside the bone marrow, such as smoking, testosterone, sleep apnoea, lung or heart disease, living at high altitude or dehydration. Less often the cause is polycythaemia vera, a slow-growing bone marrow disease that raises the risk of blood clots and is controlled with regular venesection, aspirin and, when needed, medicines.Read more High white blood cell count: what does it mean? (leucocytosis)A white cell count above 11,000 is considered high, and its most common causes are infection, stress, hard exercise, smoking, obesity, pregnancy and medicines such as steroids. This page explains which type of white cell is high, what it means, and when and how leukaemia should be checked for.Read more
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