Clinical guideline
BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendations: The 2026 update
J Hepatol · 2026
Studies and guidelines: Liver cancer
26 items with a structured summary · Liver cancer: the complete guide
Clinical guideline
Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
ESMO Open · 2026
Clinical guideline
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
J Hepatol · 2025
Clinical guideline
ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline interim update on the management of biliary tract cancer
ESMO Open · 2025
Clinical guideline
AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatology · 2023
Clinical guideline
Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Ann Oncol · 2023
Clinical guideline
BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 update
Journal of Hepatology · 2022
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Transarterial chemoembolisation combined with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus dual placebo for unresectable, non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (LEAP-012): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study
Lancet · 2025
14.6 vs 10.0 monthsMedian progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Lancet · 2023
12.7 vs 10.9 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial
Lancet · 2018
13.6 vs 12.3 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Regorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment (RESORCE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Lancet · 2017
10.6 vs 7.8 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial
Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine versus Gemcitabine for Biliary Tract Cancer
N Engl J Med · 2010
11.7 months vs 8.1 monthsMedian overall survival
Meta-analysis
Needle track seeding following biopsy of liver lesions in the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gut · 2008
0.027 (95% CI 0.018–0.040)Pooled estimate of patients with tumour seeding per 100 patients with HCC
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
N Engl J Med · 2008
10.7 vs 7.9 monthsMedian overall survival
Observational study
Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Taiwan and the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children
N Engl J Med · 1997
0.70 (1981 to 1986), 0.57 (1986 to 1990), 0.36 (1990 to 1994)Mean annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children aged 6 to 14 years (per 100,000 children)
Observational study
Liver Transplantation for the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Patients with Cirrhosis
N Engl J Med · 1996
17%Overall mortality
Clinical trial
Updated data from IMbrave050: Adjuvant atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal of Hepatology · 2026
0.72 (adjusted 95% CI 0.53–0.98)RFS hazard ratio at the primary interim analysis (median follow-up 17.4 months)
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal of Hepatology · 2022
15.6 months (range 0–28.6)Median follow-up
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Lancet · 2025
15.0 vs 8.2 monthsMedian progression-free survival: durvalumab + bevacizumab vs placebo
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Five-year overall survival update from the HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable HCC
J Hepatol · 2025
0.76Hazard ratio for overall survival (STRIDE vs sorafenib)
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
Lancet · 2025
23.7 vs 20.6 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Durvalumab plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
NEJM Evid · 2022
12.8 vs 11.5 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Four-year overall survival update from the phase III HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Annals of Oncology · 2024
49.12 months / 48.46 months / 47.31 monthsMedian follow-up (STRIDE / durvalumab / sorafenib)
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Lancet · 2023
HR 0.72Recurrence-free survival (initial interim analysis)
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
NEJM Evid · 2022
16.43 (STRIDE) vs 13.77 months (sorafenib)Median overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3
Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
N Engl J Med · 2020
HR 0.58Hazard ratio for death (primary analysis)
Nothing found.