Studies and guidelines: Blood cancers

66 items with a structured summary · Blood cancers: the complete guide

Clinical guideline

EHA Guidelines on management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation

HemaSphere · 2026
Clinical guideline

2025 European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia

Leukemia · 2025
Clinical guideline

EHA–EMN Evidence-Based Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma

Nat Rev Clin Oncol · 2025
Clinical guideline

Lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Annals of Oncology · 2025
Clinical guideline

Diagnosis, prognostic factors, and assessment of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel

Blood · 2024
Clinical guideline

Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN

Blood · 2022
Clinical guideline

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms

Leukemia · 2022
Clinical guideline

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms

Leukemia · 2022
Clinical guideline

ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2019
Clinical guideline

iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL

Blood · 2018
Clinical guideline

International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma

Lancet Oncol · 2014
Clinical guideline

Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification

J Clin Oncol · 2014
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Measurable Residual Disease-Guided Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2025
93.9% (ibrutinib–venetoclax), 79.0% (ibrutinib alone), 58.1% (FCR)Five-year progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

The MURANO study: final analysis and retreatment/crossover substudy results of VenR for patients with relapsed/refractory CLL

Blood · 2025
54.7 vs 17.0 monthsMedian progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Long-term follow-up of VIALE-A: Venetoclax and azacitidine in chemotherapy-ineligible untreated acute myeloid leukemia

Am J Hematol · 2024
14.7 vs 9.6 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Nivolumab+AVD in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2024
HR 0.48Progression-free survival (second interim analysis)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Fixed-duration ibrutinib-venetoclax versus chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (GLOW): 4-year follow-up from a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

Lancet Oncol · 2023
74.6% vs 24.8%42-month progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Long-term outcomes for ibrutinib-rituximab and chemoimmunotherapy in CLL: updated results of the E1912 trial

Blood · 2022
HR 0.37Progression-free survival
Observational study

Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

NEJM Evid · 2022
46% of patientsReclassification compared with IPSS-R
Clinical trial · Phase 3

AUGMENT: A Phase III Study of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Versus Placebo Plus Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Lymphoma

JCO · 2019
0.46 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.62)Progression-free survival (hazard ratio)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Phase 3 Trial of Ibrutinib plus Rituximab in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia

N Engl J Med · 2018
82% vs 28%Progression-free survival at 30 months
Meta-analysis

Lenalidomide Maintenance After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis

JCO · 2017
52.8 vs 23.5 monthsMedian progression-free survival (PFS)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Long-Term Outcomes of Imatinib Treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2017
83.3%10-year overall survival (imatinib group)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Bortezomib-Based Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Mantle-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2015
24.7 vs 14.4 months (VR-CAP vs R-CHOP)Median progression-free survival (independent radiological review)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Ibrutinib as Initial Therapy for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2015
Median not reached vs 18.9 monthsProgression-free survival (median)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on survival of adult patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukaemia (ALFA-0701): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study

Lancet · 2012
40.8% vs 17.1%2-year event-free survival
Observational study

Improved Survival for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Between 1990 and 2005: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

JCO · 2012
From 83.7% (1990–1994) to 90.4% (2000–2005)5-year survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study

The Lancet Oncology · 2011
42% in both groups (61 patients in the subcutaneous group and 31 patients in the IV group)Overall response rate after four cycles
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

The Lancet · 2010
65% vs 45%Progression-free survival at 3 years after randomisation
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Bortezomib plus Melphalan and Prednisone for Initial Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2008
24.0 months vs 16.6 monthsTime to progression
Review article

Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation

N Engl J Med · 2006
Clinical trial

Lenalidomide in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Chromosome 5q Deletion

N Engl J Med · 2006
112 of 148 patients (76%)Reduced transfusion needs
Clinical trial

Bortezomib or High-Dose Dexamethasone for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2005
38% vs 18% (bortezomib vs dexamethasone)Combined complete and partial response
Clinical trial

Palifermin for Oral Mucositis after Intensive Therapy for Hematologic Cancers

N Engl J Med · 2004
63% vs 98% (palifermin vs placebo)Incidence of WHO grade 3 or 4 oral mucositis
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Imatinib Compared with Interferon and Low-Dose Cytarabine for Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2003
87.1% vs 34.7%Major cytogenetic response at 18 months (0 to 35% Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases)
Clinical trial

CHOP Chemotherapy plus Rituximab Compared with CHOP Alone in Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2002
76% vs 63% (CHOP with rituximab vs CHOP alone)Complete response rate
Clinical trial

Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program.

JCO · 1998
48%Response rate (intention to treat)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Blinatumomab for MRD-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults

N Engl J Med · 2024
85% vs 68%3-year overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Daratumumab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2024
84.3% vs 67.7%48-month progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): primary analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial

Lancet Haematol · 2024
60% vs 35%Primary endpoint: red blood cell transfusion independence ≥12 weeks with a mean haemoglobin increase ≥1.5 g/dL (weeks 1 to 24)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Luspatercept in Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes

N Engl J Med · 2020
38% vs 13%Primary endpoint: transfusion independence ≥8 weeks (weeks 1 to 24)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Oral Azacitidine Maintenance Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission

N Engl J Med · 2020
24.7 vs 14.8 monthsMedian overall survival (from randomisation)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Subcutaneous versus intravenous daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (COLUMBA): a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial

The Lancet Haematology · 2020
41% (108 of 263 patients) vs 37% (96 of 259 patients)Overall response (intention-to-treat population)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Blinatumomab versus Chemotherapy for Advanced Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2017
7.7 months vs 4.0 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Teclistamab plus Daratumumab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2026
83.4% vs 29.7%36-month progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Fixed-Duration Acalabrutinib Combinations in Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2025
76.5% (vs 66.5% with chemoimmunotherapy)36-month progression-free survival: acalabrutinib-venetoclax
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Venetoclax-obinutuzumab for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 6-year results of the randomized phase 3 CLL14 study

Blood · 2024
76.2 vs 36.4 monthsMedian progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Survival with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Large B-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2023
47.2 monthsMedian follow-up
Clinical trial

Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2022
39%Complete response
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Ivosidenib and Azacitidine in IDH1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2022
HR 0.33Event-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 1-2

Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2022
63.0%Overall response rate
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Gilteritinib or Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML

N Engl J Med · 2019
9.3 vs 5.6 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

CPX-351 (cytarabine and daunorubicin) Liposome for Injection Versus Conventional Cytarabine Plus Daunorubicin in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia

J Clin Oncol · 2018
9.56 vs 5.95 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 2

Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2018
81%Overall remission within 3 months
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Midostaurin plus Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a FLT3 Mutation

N Engl J Med · 2017
HR for death 0.78Overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Ibrutinib versus Ofatumumab in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2014
Median not reached in the ibrutinib group vs 8.1 months in the ofatumumab groupProgression-free survival (median)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Cilta-cel or Standard Care in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2023
HR 0.26Progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Lancet · 2023
59% vs 31%Primary endpoint: red blood cell transfusion independence ≥12 weeks with a mean haemoglobin increase ≥1.5 g/dL (weeks 1 to 24)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Ide-cel or Standard Regimens in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

N Engl J Med · 2023
13.3 vs 4.4 monthsMedian progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Axicabtagene Ciloleucel as Second-Line Therapy for Large B-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2022
8.3 vs 2.0 monthsMedian event-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

N Engl J Med · 2022
76.7% vs 70.2%2-year progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Azacitidine and Venetoclax in Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2020
14.7 vs 9.6 monthsMedian overall survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Ibrutinib–Rituximab or Chemoimmunotherapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2019
89.4% vs 72.9%Progression-free survival at 3 years
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions

N Engl J Med · 2019
HR 0.35Progression-free survival
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Venetoclax–Rituximab in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

N Engl J Med · 2018
84.9% vs 36.3%2-year progression-free survival rate (investigator-assessed)
Clinical trial · Phase 3

Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial

The Lancet · 2011
74.9% vs 57.6%Progression-free survival (PFS) (median follow-up 36 months)